It is relatively easy to guess what the other forms are going to be from the detached form of the letter . For example lets look at the letter K and N in the first two lines in the next figure.
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Note the detached form is on the extreme right then the initial , medial and final. Supposing we wanted to make a word with an initial letter K and ending with N . We would take the intial form of K marked 2 and the final form of N marked 4 and join them together . Remember to read it R to L.
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Easy isnt it ? You might be a little puzzled by the little slanting line mark on the top of K in the left word. Its called a zabar and used to signify accent on the K . It is a bit of a superfluous mark but important to recognise it and not get confused about it. Probably best to just ignore it altogether . Remember it always comes on top of a letter which has to be sounded a bit longer. However if you see other dots or vowel marks below the letter than the zabar above changes the sound of the vowel completely as we will see later.
This is a very important area so make sure you get them all right . On the top line in the figure below the third one from R to L is big aa so making the word KAAN (ear) . Its a straight vertical line. The leftmost one is little i so this is Kin(as in kinship) . Note that the i sound mark - called in urdu ZER is placed below the letter. The next line from R to L is big EE or Keen . Two dots are added to the little i - ZER- mark to make a big ee below the letter.
Then little u - KUN as in crOOk - the u mark -called PESH- is always above the letter ; next is big U -KOON as in sOOn - note you get a big fat worm like figure added to the little u mark , but this figure is on level with the letter.
The following are the vowel marks which modify the letters.
The madd , hamza and tashdid signs are special characters we will look at in the next lesson
Sometimes the letter N when it is the final letter is written without the dot in the middle and not attached to the preceding one as in the figure next.
One important point to note is that the zabar mark and i mark called a zer are similar but the zabar is on top of a letter while zer which signifies i or ee is below.